Algorithmization

 

 

Listen, repeat, memorize!

 

 

An algorithm is a procedure or formula for solving a problem, based on conductiong a sequence of specified actions.

 

A computer program can be viewed as an elaborate algorithm. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm usually means a small procedure that solves a recurrent problem.

 

IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) is an encryption algorithm developed at ETH in Zurich, Switzerland.

 

It uses a block cipher with a 128-bit key, and is generally considered to be very secure.

 

It is considered among the best publicly known algorithms.

 

In the several years that it has been in use, no practical attacks on it have been published despite of a number of attempts to find some.

 

Unsupervised learning is the training of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm using information that is neither classified nor labeled and allowing the algorithm to act on that information without guidance.

 

 

 

Listen to the Text:

 

 

 

 

Programming

 

Listen, repeat, memorize!

 

Programming is the act of an individual writing code (a set of instructions) that are to be interpreted and executed by a computer or other electronic device.

 

These instructions can create programs, as well as tell applications how to operate or function.

 

People who program are referred to as programmers.

 

In computing, a program is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform.

 

In the modern computer that John von Neumann outlined in 1945, the program contains a one-at-a-time sequence of instructions that the computer follows.

 

Typically, the program is put into a storage area accessible to the computer.

 

The computer gets one instruction and performs it and then gets the next instruction.

 

The storage area or memory can also contain the data that the instruction operates on.

 

An application program (sometimes shortened to application) is any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program.

 

Examples of application programs include word processors; database programs; Web browsers; development tools; drawing, paint, and image editing programs; and communication programs.

 

This term has generally been replaced by the term "application program" .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Listen to the Text:

 

 

 

Programming languages

 

 

Listen, repeat, memorize!

 

APL (A Programming Language) is a general-purpose, third-generation (3GL) programming language that allows certain data manipulations to be expressed with a special non-ASCII set of symbols, resulting in programs that are shorter than would be possible using most other languages.

 

APL’s notation allows matrix manipulation as well as recursion functions to be built into simple expressions rather than requiring multiple language statements.

 

APL is more frequently thought of as a language for scientific computation, but it can be used for other purposes as well. Programs can be developed interactively and are usually interpreted rather than compiled.

 

Programming Language/System (PL/S) is a language that IBM designed for use in developing system programs, especially in mainframe operating system and application subsystems. It evolved from or was at least influenced by PL/I.

 

The most popular programming languages:

 

1. Java. Java is considered as the perfect language for the developers and programmers to learn. Currently, it is the top-most programming language and has grabbed the highest position with Android OS yet again, though it was a bit down a few years ago. Java can be utilized for mobile-based applications, enterprise-level purpose, for creating desktop applications, and for establishing Android apps on tablets and smartphones.

 

2. PHP. The web developers should learn about PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor, a well-known programming language. With the help of PHP, you can enlarge a web app very quickly and effortlessly. PHP is the actual foundation of many strong content management systems, for example, WordPress. PHP is really a valuable programming language for the developers and programmers.

 

3. JavaScript: While you are expanding your site, JavaScript is extremely functional as this language can immensely assist you in generating the communication for your website. You can utilize various in style frameworks in JavaScript for constructing the superb user interface.

 

When you’re into web development, it’s very important to know about JavaScript for making interactive web pages. JavaScript is applied for including animations on the web pages, loading fresh images, scripts or objects on web page, and craft hugely responsive user interfaces.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Listen to the Text:

 

 

 

Variables

 

 

Listen, repeat, memorize!

 

A variable, in the context of programming, is a symbolic name given to an unknown quantity that permits the name to be used independent of the information it represents. Variables are associated with data storage locations, and values of a variable are normally changed during the course of program execution.

 

Variables represent all kinds of data, including booleans, names, integers, arrays, pictures, sounds, scalars, strings, or any object or class of objects depending on the programming language that supports them.

 

The symbolic names of variables are replaced with the actual data location by compilers and interpreters. Data in locations changes during execution while locations and names are fixed.

 

A variable is assigned a value in one place and then used repetitively. Variables generally have four attributes: an identifier, data location, type and value. They are assigned during program execution at different times.

 

Programming variables are normally represented using multiple-character names. Single-character names are normally used to represent auxiliary variables (for example, a loop variable might be named i). Naming of variables is supported at different language levels and is part of the language syntax.

 

Programmers follow code style guidelines to name variables. Short names are less descriptive but easy to type, whereas long names can specify the purpose of a variable in the program. For example, the syntax int temp=0; in JAVA or C++, ‘temp’ is the variable name; the type of variable is integer and its value is 0.

 

The scope of a variable determines the use of a variable in a program. A variable’s scope is the part of the program code in which the variable is visible and has a meaning.

 

Memory space is allocated to a variable when the variable is first used and deallocated when it is no longer needed. If variables are declared and not used, compilers normally issue a warning.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Listen to the Text: